Visual cryptography of animated gif image based on xor operation rinaldi munir school of electrical engineering and informatics institut teknologi bandung itb bandung, indonesia rinaldi. This vc system has goodresolution, contrast and colour. Boolean xor based k, n threshold visual cryptography for grayscale images international journal of computer science and informatics issn print. Secret image sharing and stacking is enabled by the decryption procedure. Encrypt plaintext by xor with sequence of bits decrypt ciphertext by xor with same bit sequence. Visual cryptography scheme with rdh algorithm for color. In this paper, we present a multisecret visual cryptography scheme by using the matrices of the k, kvcs. A new secure image encryption algorithm using logical and. Pdf a new xorbased visual cryptography scheme for authentic. In step construction traditional xor b ased 2, 2visual cryptographic scheme is recursively applied for generating shares. Shyu proposed a 2,2 cryptosystem that uses a random grid vc scheme and does not require a pixel expansion. The xor based visual cryptography vc is a possible methodology to solve the poor visual quality problem without darkening the background in vc. Actually, two xorbased vc algorithms are proposed, namely xorbased vc for general access structure gas and adaptive region incrementing xorbased vc.
In xor based scheme, the share images are superimposed with the. Xor based visual cryptography is capable to overcome the drawbacks of the visual cryptography scheme vcs. Visual cryptography is a kind of cryptography with less computation, especially for decryption. The cryptography algorithm defined in this paper aims at boosting the security of the secret image cryptography style based on symmetric keys. To fix those mentioned defects, xor based vc with meaningful shares is introduced in this paper. Chang, and sf tu, visual cryptography for color images based on halftone technology, in proc. A sreekumar2 1research scholar, cusat 2associate professor, dca, cusat abstract today digital media has replaced almost all forms of communication, information preservation and processing.
When they are separately viewed reveals no information about the secret. However, meaningless share and pixel expansion remain to be continuing challenges in existing xor based vc. In encryption process, the scheme embeds tagged information in the generated common share. To fix those mentioned defects, xorbased vc with meaningful shares is introduced in this paper. A tensor based big data model for qos improvement in software defined networks. Visual cryptograph y moni naor y adi shamir z abstract in this pap er w e consider a new t yp e of cryptographic sc heme whic. Firstly, we show that n out of n schemes with optimal resolution and contrast exist, and that 2,n schemes are equivalent to binary codes.
Modified visual cryptography scheme for colored secret. A new visual cryptography approach using mosaic and spread. Besides, the xor based vcs can be applied on some state of the art displays, such as multilayer. Modified visual cryptography scheme for colored secret image. The design, construction, analysis, and application of visual cryptography schemes vcss are discussed in detail. Keywords visual cryptography, random key generator, xor encryption i. Visual cryptography is an interesting secret sharing scheme, in which participants can observe the secret image by stacking their shares. In fact the only secret point is the secret key 8, 9. A new visual cryptography approach using mosaic and. Visual cryptography scheme with rdh algorithm for color images. Pdf the current technological era demands high security and verifiability, especially in the remote voting system rvs through the internet. Overview of visual cryptographic systems based on xor. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved tagged visual cryptography based on xor decryption.
A 2 visual cryptography scheme vcs is a kind of secret sharing scheme, where participants share a secret image, and any two of. By iterating randomgridbased k,k singlesecret visual cryptography scheme and combing the property of 0 as the generator of the 0, 1 group, the shares generation algorithm of k,n singlesecretsharing scheme using xor operation is designed, and the secret sharing and recovering procedures for region incrementing scheme are proposed further. Journal of visual communication and image representation. Such as the xor operation studied in 3, 16, 18, 30, 31, examples of the visual cryptography system under the xor operation can be found in 16, 32, 36. So for a stream of plaintext a, and a key of the same length b, you can generate cryptotext c, and send that to the recipient. The cryptography algorithm defined in this paper aims at boosting the security of the secret image cryptography style based on. Mathematically, the vc system is described by the xor operation modulo two addition.
Xorbased visual cryptography schemes article pdf available in designs codes and cryptography 371. Visual cryptography scheme using gray code and xor operation deepika m p1, dr. Original, cuttingedge research is presented on probabilistic, size invariant. If the key is random and is at least as long as the message, the xor cipher is much more secure than when there is key repetition within a message. A k, n visual cryptography vc scheme encodes a secret image into n shadows that are printed on transparencies distributed.
By iterating randomgrid based k,k singlesecret visual cryptography scheme and combing the property of 0 as the generator of the 0, 1 group, the shares generation algorithm of k,n singlesecretsharing scheme using xor operation is designed, and the secret sharing and recovering procedures for region incrementing scheme are proposed further. A n, n threshold nonexpansible xor based visual cryptography with unique meaningful shares has been proposed in this article for securing media information prior to outsourcingto cloud data centers. The visual cryptography scheme vcs is a scheme which encodes a secret image into several shares. Visual cryptography of animated gif image based on xor operation. Dec 06, 2019 visual cryptography for image processing and security pdf download for free. Multiple share images using random grids and xorbased visual. Random grid and xor based visual cryptography schemes. K out of k extended visual cryptography scheme based on xor wanli dang1, mingxing he1, daoshun wang2, xiao li1 1department of mathematics and computer engineering, xihua university, chengdu 610039, china. Visual cryptography, secret sharing, random number, symmetric key. Probabilistic color visual cryptography schemes for black and. In this paper, a new visual cryptography vc scheme is proposed to authenticate the voters in a rvs. Abstractvisual cryptography vc, a cryptographic technique which. Research article xorbase secret sharing scheme for image. Visual cryptography for image processing and security.
In the proposed scheme, a color secret image is decomposed into. This operation is sometimes called modulus 2 addition or subtraction, which is identical. In this paper we investigate threshold visual secret sharing schemes associated to xor based vc systems. Color visual cryptography becomes an interesting research topic after the formal introduction of visual cryptography by naor and shamir in 1995. Xor algorithm can be used to improve the recovery effects of visual cryptography scheme. Xorbased visual cryptography schemes 171 following the notation from 12, a k out of n or k,n tvss scheme s c0,c1 consists of two collections of n. Besides, the xor based vcs can be applied on some state of the art displays, suc h as multilay er. Variable length key based visual cryptography scheme for.
Perfect contrast xorbased visual cryptography schemes via. Xorbased region incrementing visual cryptography scheme by. However, meaningless share and pixel expansion remain to be continuing challenges in existing xorbased vc. The monotone property of or operation reduces the visual quality of recovered image. Xorbased visual cryptography is capable to overcome the drawbacks of the visual cryptography scheme vcs. In the proposed scheme, a color secret image is decomposed into three shares. Unlike the traditional vc, the current scheme is designed on the basis of creating a new matrices in the light of the bitwise xor operation. Sorry, we are unable to provide the full text but you may find it at the following locations. Multisecret sharing visual cryptography scheme based on xor. Property analysis of xorbased visual cryptography article in ieee transactions on circuits and systems for video technology 242.
Visual cryptography scheme using the polarization of light. Visual cryptography is a special type of secret sharing deterministic and random grid visual cryptography the xor based visual cryptography vc is. Blind authentication based cheating immune xor step. Visual cryptography is a cryptographic technique which allows visual information to be encrypted in such a way that decryption becomes the job of the person to decrypt via 1. According to the second principle of auguste kerckhoffs, cryptography algorithm must not include any secret and hidden point. We can reveal multiple secret images perfectly by the xor algorithm and shifting operation on the shares.
Boolean xor based k,n threshold visual cryptography for. A k,n visual cryptographic scheme vcs encodes a secret image into n. Visual cryptography study and implementation divij wadhawan, hemank lamba, rajat vikram singh introduction nowadays, in the internet, besides text, multimedia information is also quite prevalent. Visual cryptography is a cryptographic technique which allows visual information image, text, etc to be encrypted in such a way that the decryption can be performed by the human visual system without the aid of computers. In a general k, n cbwvcs, when k and n become larger, the pixel expansion increases dramatically. The xorbased visual cryptography vc is a possible methodology to solve the poor visual quality problem without darkening the background in vc. Introduction visual cryptography could be a cryptographic technique that permits visual information to be encrypted in such some way that. To share a white black pixel, the dealer randomly chooses one of the matrices in c0 c1 and distributes its rows as shares among the n participants of the system. A recent publication introduced a visual crypto vc system, based on the polarisation of light. Their technique performs an or operation between the pixels of the two shares. Visual cryptography of animated gif image based on xor.
Introduction visual cryptography is a cryptographic technique where visual information image, text, etc gets encrypted in such a way that the decryption can be performed by the human visual system without aid of. Extended capabilities for xorbased visual cryptography. A 2,2 xorbased visual cryptography scheme without pixel expansion. It turns out that these schemes have much better resolution than their or based counterparts. However, the size expansion and distorted visual effect are two disadvantages of visual cryptography. Basic concepts in cryptography fiveminute university. Visual cryptography for colored images in 6, it was proposed for the very first time, the use of colored images in visual cryptography. Rvs through the internet in order to resist the cheating case in election process. In this paper, we focus on how to realize the perfect recovery by xoring shares directly.
Abstractin todays communication, security is the major issue the visual based cryptography scheme. This vc system has goodresolution, contrast and colour properties. Visual cryptography vc is used to split an image into two random shares. Probabilistic color visual cryptography schemes for black. To overcome this problem, some advanced xor based vcss vcsxor were further designed to provide some favorable features such as high contrast and good resolution. Xorbased visual cryptography is capable to overcome the drawbacks of the visual cryptography scheme vcs the small contrast of the recovered secret image. A 2,nvisual cryptography scheme vcs is a kind of secret sharing scheme, where n participants share a secret image, and any two of them can recover the secret image visually without any cryptographic knowledge and computation devices, but any one of them. In this paper, we focus on the traditional model of vcs for general access structures and exploit some extended capabilities for. Multisecret sharing visual cryptography scheme based on. The paper proposed a k out of n c color visual secret sharing system. Digital secret sharing using xor based region incrementing. Design of xor based visual cryptography scheme gayathri d1, dr t gunasekran 2 1 pg scholar, dept of ece, vivekananda college of engineering for wome. Visual cryptography does not really require much sophisticated techniques.
When the keystream is generated by a pseudorandom number generator, the result is a stream cipher. Pdf xorbased visual cryptography schemes researchgate. It distributes the confidential information into multiple meaningful shares that look like ordinary information and hence can be sent securely over the cloud servers without attracting any. In this paper, two constructions for constituting a k, n threshold probabilistic cbwvcs pcbwvcs are introduced, where the generated color shares are. Propose a region based visual secret sharing scheme with rdh algorithm for color images with no pixel expansion and high security. Visual cryptography for image processing and security pdf download for free. Therefore the security of these secret and confidential images is a valid concern. Introduction visual cryptography could be a cryptographic technique that permits visual information to. Research article xorbase secret sharing scheme for. Xor based visual cryptography scheme xvcs was proposed to solve the poor visual quality problem without darkening the background in the reconstructed secret image.
General construction for xorbased visual cryptography and. Keywords visual cryptography, random key generator, xorencryption i. Actually, two xor based vc algorithms are proposed, namely xor based vc for general access structure gas and adaptive region incrementing xor based vc. A visual cryptography scheme vcs can be realized by boolean operations or and xor, respectively. This unique book describes the fundamental concepts, theories and practice of visual cryptography. Similar model of visual cryptography with di erent underlying operation has been proposed. Colorblackandwhite visual cryptography scheme cbwvcs is a methodology that utilizes colors to alleviate the pixel expansion problem. Sep 10, 2014 property analysis of xor based visual cryptography ecway karur. Xor based visual cryptography is capable to overcome the drawbacks of the visual cryptography scheme vcs the small contrast of the recovered secret image. The advantages of xor based step construction are, less pixel expansion compared to all other. Xorbased vc scheme, if it satisfies the following condition.
However, the computation for encryption and decryption is more complex and the cost is expensive. Xorbased visual cryptography scheme xvcs was proposed to solve the poor visual quality problem without darkening the background in the reconstructed secret image. Considered the first book to focus on the relationship between digital imaging and privacy protection, visual cryptography and secret image sharing is a complete introduction to novel security methods and sharingcontrol mechanisms used to protect against unauthorized data access and secure dissemination of sensitive information. Cryptography overview john mitchell cryptography uis a tremendous tool. Pdf optimal xor based 2, nvisual cryptography schemes. Xorbased region incrementing visual cryptography scheme. A novel xorbased threshold visual cryptography with.
Abstract in todays communication, security is the major issue the visual based cryptography scheme encodes the secret images into n shadow images which. In this paper, we propose an k, k extended visual cryptography scheme evcs by xor operation to solve above mentioned problem. Property analysis of xorbased visual cryptography ieee xplore. In cryptography, the simple xor cipher is a type of additive cipher, an encryption algorithm that operates according to the principles. Nonexpansible xorbased visual cryptography scheme with. A 2,2 xorbased visual cryptography scheme without pixel. The visual qualities of recovered images are ideal without any pixel expansion. Introduction an visual information text, image, etc could be encrypted with a conventional cipher des, aes, rc6, etc. In this article, one such approach based on xor based visual cryptography for outsourcing confidential information to the cloud servers has been proposed. Xorbased visual cryptography vc, a brandnew type of vc, is suitable for solving the low image quality and alignment problems in vc system. Security in digital media has been a matter of serious concern. In this paper, we focus on how to realize the perfect recovery by xor ing shares directly. Property analysis of xor based visual cryptography ecway karur. K out of k extended visual cryptography scheme based on xor.
Jan 28, 2016 a visual cryptography scheme vcs can be realized by boolean operations or and xor, respectively. Visual cryptography scheme for colored image using xor with. Tagged visual cryptography scheme based on xor decryption. Pdf a recent publication introduced a visual crypto vc system, based on the polarisation of light. The xor cipher is often used in computer malware to make reverse engineering more difficult.
The basic idea behind the colored image cryptography remained the same however. Xor based visual cryptography vc, a brandnew type of vc, is suitable for solving the low image quality and alignment problems in vc system. First, we propose the definition of ideal access structure, which. However, investigations on xvcs are not sufficient. Design of xor based visual cryptography scheme international. The critical feature of xor with respect to encryption is it is reversible, ie where c a xor b, then you can get back a using a c xor b. Visual cryptography scheme is a cryptographic technique which allows visual information. It suffers a management problem which dealers cannot visually identify each share. Perfect recovery of xorbased visual cryptography scheme. Property analysis of xorbased visual cryptography request pdf. Digital secret sharing using xor based region incrementing and lazy wavelet in video.
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